Xaiv qhov tsim nyog stainless hlau alloy yog kab tias qhov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim thiab kev yuav khoom ntawm kev lag luam hlau mesh. Thaum lub lag luam muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb hlau, feem ntau ntawm siab - daim ntawv thov kev ua tau zoo yog nyob ib ncig ntawm ob qib austenitic thawj: Hom 304 thiab Hom 316. Rau qhov muag tsis pom kev, cov alloys yuav tshwm sim zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv tiav thiab qhov hnyav, tab sis lawv cov ntaub ntawv siv tshuaj sab hauv dictate ntau heev rau cov neeg kho tshuab kev ntxhov siab, kub thiab txias. ib puag ncig.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv "workhorse" no nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus muaj pes tsawg leeg-tshwj xeeb yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm molybdenum hauv Qib 316. Qhov kev hloov pauv no ib txwm hloov pauv cov alloy lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv hauv cheeb tsam corrosion, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv lub neej thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev lag luam. Phau ntawv qhia no muab kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas dav dav ntawm 304 thiab 316 cov qauv kev ua tau zoo, muab cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshaj lij muab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los sib npaug tus nqi- ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem metallurgical no, ib tus tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov mesh xaiv yuav tsis tsuas yog muaj sia nyob tab sis vam meej hauv nws qhov chaw pabcuam.
Metallurgical Composition thiab Structure Foundations
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Chromium thiab Nickel hauv 300-Series Steel
Qhov "lub zog" thiab "stainless" xwm ntawm 300-series alloys feem ntau yog muab los ntawm qhov siab ntawm Chromium thiab Nickel. Chromium (feem ntau 18-20% hauv Qib 304) yog lub luag haujlwm rau "passivity." Thaum raug cov pa oxygen, nws tsim ib qho instantaneous, microscopic txheej ntawm chromium oxide nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov hlau. Cov txheej no yog kho tus kheej; Yog hais tias lub mesh raug khawb, oxide hloov tam sim ntawd, tiv thaiv xeb los ntawm kev ncav cuag cov tub ntxhais hlau. Nickel (feem ntau 8-10.5% hauv Qib 304) yog ntxiv kom ruaj khov "austenite" siv lead ua qauv. Cov qauv no yog dab tsi muab lub mesh nws tshwj xeeb ductility thiab toughness, cia nws yuav tsum tau woven rau hauv incredibly zoo suav tsis ua nkig. Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus no tsim cov khoom siv uas yooj yim rau kev tsim, tab sis tseem nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb tensile loads.
Molybdenum: Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv qib 316
Qhov nce qib 316 siab tshaj tus qauv 304 yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm kwv yees li 2% mus rau 3% Molybdenum. Cov ntsiab lus no tshwj xeeb suav nrog rau kev tawm tsam "pitting corrosion," ib qho chaw hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev tawm tsam uas tsim cov qhov me me, tob hauv cov hlau. Pitting yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig uas muaj cov tshuaj chlorides (xws li ntsev los yog cov tshuaj bleach) muaj. Lub molybdenum ho nce qhov "Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number" (PREN) ntawm cov hlau. Thaum 304 zoo kawg nkaus haum rau sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov siv, nws yuav nws thiaj li succumb rau "tshuaj yej staining" los yog pitting nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv. Qib 316, feem ntau hu ua "marine-qib" stainless hlau, tuav nws txoj kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub zog txhua yam txawm tias tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag ntsev los yog de{12}} cov tshuaj icing, ua rau nws tsis yog - kev xaiv xaiv rau kev siv dej hiav txwv thiab ntug dej hiav txwv.
Qib "L": Cov pa roj carbon tsawg rau cov vuam zoo dua
Hauv ntau daim ntawv thov mesh, lub mesh yuav tsum tau welded rau ib tug ncej los yog kev txhawb nqa qauv. Thaum lub sij hawm vuam txheej txheem, qhov kub siab tuaj yeem ua rau "carbide nag lossis daus," qhov twg cov pa roj carbon thiab chromium daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov ciam teb, ua rau cov cheeb tsam ib puag ncig muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Txhawm rau daws qhov no, cov tuam txhab tsim cov qib "L", xws li 304L thiab 316L. Cov kev hloov pauv no muaj cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm 0.03% (piv rau 0.08% hauv cov qib txheem). Los ntawm kev txo cov pa roj carbon, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm "sensitization" thaum lub sij hawm vuam yog zoo tshem tawm. Qhov no ua kom cov cua sov- cuam tshuam cheeb tsam (HAZ) nyob ib ncig ntawm lub vuam tuav tib yam corrosion kuj thiab tensile zog raws li tus so ntawm cov mesh. Rau qhov hnyav- lub luag haujlwm pom cov pob tawb lossis cov ntxaij vab tshaus kev ruaj ntseg uas yuav tsum tau siv vuam dav, qhia tias qib "L" yog qhov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws rau lub sijhawm ntev - kev ntseeg tau.
Cov Ntsiab Cai thiab Cov Nroj Nroj Tsuag Stability
Tshaj li cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, cov lej ntawm Manganese, Silicon, Phosphorus, thiab Sulfur yog nruj me ntsis tswj nyob rau hauv siab {{0} zoo stainless hlau mesh. Manganese yog siv thaum lub sij hawm melting txheej txheem kom nce lub solubility ntawm nitrogen thiab txhim kho cov kub - ua hauj lwm zog ntawm hlau. Silicon ua raws li deoxidizer, xyuas kom cov hlau molten huv si ua ntej nws yog kos rau hauv hlau. Cov qauv tsim kev tshaj lij, xws li ASTM A580, dictate qhov kev tso cai meej meej rau cov ntsiab lus no. Cov qauv nplej ruaj khov yog qhov tseem ceeb rau "kev sib koom ua ke"; Yog hais tias cov alloy muaj pes tsawg leeg sib txawv me ntsis nyob rau hauv ib co coil ntawm hlau, cov hlau "caij nplooj ntoos hlav" yuav hloov, ua rau tsis sib xws mesh qhib. Ua raws li cov qauv hlau nruj nruj no ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov mesh tseem nyob ruaj khov thiab ua kom pom tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov tsis tu ncua txhua yam.
Chemical Composition Comparison (Tswj %)
| Element | Qib 304 (%) | Qib 304L (%) | Qib 316 (%) | Qib 316L (%) |
| Chromium | 18.0 - 20.0 | 18.0 - 20.0 | 16.0 - 18.0 | 16.0 - 18.0 |
| Nickel | 8.0 - 10.5 | 8.0 - 12.0 | 10.0 - 14.0 | 10.0 - 14.0 |
| Molybdenum | N/A | N/A | 2.0 - 3.0 | 2.0 - 3.0 |
| Carbon (Max) | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
| Manganese (Max) | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Silicon (Max) | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.75 |
Performance Metrics thiab Environmental Resistance
Pitting Resistance thiab tus nqi PREN
Qhov feem ntau tsis ua hauj lwm hom rau stainless hlau mesh yog pitting. Txhawm rau kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov hlau tsis kam rau qhov no, cov kws tsim khoom siv Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN). Cov mis yog $PREN=Cr + 3.3(Mo) + 16(N)$. Qib 304 feem ntau muaj PREN ntawm ib puag ncig 19, qhov Qib 316 khav theeb PREN ntawm kwv yees li 24 txog 26. Qhov txiaj ntsig siab dua no txhais tau ncaj qha rau lub neej ua haujlwm ntev dua hauv qhov chaw hnyav. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw siab - chloride ib puag ncig zoo li cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab lossis tus choj ntug hiav txwv, 304 mesh tuaj yeem pom cov cim ntawm cov qauv tsis muaj zog hauv 5 xyoo, thaum 316 mesh tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo rau ntau dua 25 xyoo. Kev nkag siab txog tus lej ntawm tus lej no tso cai rau cov thawj coj ua haujlwm kom pom tseeb tus nqi siab dua ntawm 316 raws li kev hloov pauv zaus.
Qhov ntsuas kub thiab Thermal Stability
Stainless hlau mesh feem ntau siv rau hauv cov cua sov- cov txheej txheem hnyav, xws li cov khoom noj kom lub cev qhuav dej, tshuaj kho kom zoo, thiab kev tso pa tawm. Qib 304 muaj qhov zoo oxidation tsis kam nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam sib tshuam txog 870℃thiab hauv kev pabcuam txuas mus rau 925 degree. Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub zog txhua yam pib poob sai ntawm cov kub no. Qib 316 muaj kev ua tau zoo me ntsis hauv 425-860℃ntau yam vim nws cov ntsiab lus molybdenum, uas pab tiv thaiv "carbide nag lossis daus" uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum kub kub. Rau qhov kub siab dua (txog 1100 degree), cov qib tshwj xeeb xws li 310 lossis 314 yog qhov yuav tsum tau, tab sis rau cov qauv kev lag luam cua sov, 304 thiab 316 yog cov thawj contenders. Cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum xam qhov "thermal expansion" ntawm lub mesh kom paub tseeb tias nws tsis buckle los yog sag li cov khoom siv mus txog nws cov kev khiav hauj lwm kub.
Tensile Strength thiab Ductility Factors
Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog qhov ua kom pom tseeb, lub zog txhua yam ntawm cov hlau tseem ceeb sib npaug. Hom 304 stainless hlau feem ntau muaj lub zog tensile siab dua nyob rau hauv qhov txias - ua haujlwm lub xeev dua li Hom 316. Qhov no ua rau nws me ntsis "stiffer," uas tuaj yeem ua tau zoo dua hauv kev tsim cov ntxaij vab tshaus ruaj ntseg lossis vibrating sieves. Qib 316, txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov ductility zoo dua, txhais tau tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau deformation ntau dua ua ntej nws yuav tawg. Qhov no yog vim li cas 316 feem ntau nyiam rau kev ua vaj tsev mesh uas yuav tsum tau nkhaus lossis tensioned nyob ib ncig ntawm cov qauv tsis sib xws. Ob lub alloys nthuav tawm "ua haujlwm- hardening," qhov twg cov hlau yuav muaj zog dua li nws lub cev muaj zog; Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas stainless hlau mesh yog qhov nyuaj heev los txiav nrog cov cuab yeej phau ntawv piv rau lwm cov galvanized.
Resistance to Stress -Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
Kev ntxhov siab-corrosion cracking yog hom kev puas tsuaj loj uas lub vaj huam sib luag mesh dheev snaps nyob rau hauv qhov nro ntawm qhov nruab nrab corrosive. Qhov no yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb loj rau architectural cable-mesh systems thiab siab -siab lim ntsiab. Qib 316 tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv taus SCC dua qib 304, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv muaj cov halides. Rau cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb daim ntaub ntawv uas lub mesh nyob rau hauv tas li, hnyav nro-xws li choj kev nyab xeeb nets los yog caij nplooj ntoos zeeg tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv chaw nres tsheb garages-316 yog tus txheej txheem cov khoom yuav tsum tau. Xaiv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm alloy nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej kub ntxhov no tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsis ua haujlwm uas tsis muaj kev ceeb toom, txawm tias cov xov hlau zoo li zoo rau saum npoo. Kev xaiv cov hlau zoo yog thawj kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv hauv kev tsim vaj tsev.
Kev Xaiv Cov Cai rau Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam
Nqi vs. Lifecycle Value Analysis
Tus nqi ntawm Qib 316 stainless hlau feem ntau yog 30% mus rau 50% siab dua qib 304, feem ntau yog vim tus nqi ntawm molybdenum. Rau qhov loj - qhov project loj, qhov no tuaj yeem sawv cev rau kev nce nyiaj txiag tseem ceeb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev txheeb xyuas tus nqi ntawm lub neej feem ntau qhia tias 316 yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig dua. Yog tias 304 mesh nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntug hiav txwv yuav tsum tau hloov txhua 7 xyoo, tab sis 316 mesh kav ntev txog 25 xyoo, qhov kev xaiv 316 them rau nws tus kheej hauv kev zam kev ua haujlwm, poob qis, thiab cov nqi khoom siv los ntawm lub voj voog thib ob. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav khoom yuav tsum tsom mus rau "Tag nrho Tus Nqi Ntawm Cov Tswv Cuab" es tsis yog thawj tus nqi yuav khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam xws li mining, roj thiab roj, thiab kev kho dej hauv nroog qhov chaw kho mob nyuaj thiab kim.
Daim Ntawv Thov Ib puag ncig: Los ntawm Khoom Noj mus rau Marine
Ib puag ncig yog tus txiav txim zaum kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm alloy. Hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus thiab dej haus, Qib 304 yog qhov kev xaiv ntau tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv conveyor thiab sieves vim nws tiv taus cov organic acids thiab yooj yim rau ntxuav. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv mis nyuj lossis nqaij ua cov khoom noj, uas muaj cov tshuaj chloride aggressive - cov tshuaj ntxuav raws li cov qauv kev nyiam huv, Qib 316 feem ntau yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv pitting. Hauv kev lag luam marine, txhua yam hauv 5 mais ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv yuav tsum yog qib 316 lossis siab dua. Rau sab hauv tsev architectural partitions, 304 feem ntau yog ntau tshaj li txaus. Nkag siab txog "Micro-Kev nyab xeeb" ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa- suav nrog cov av noo, tshuaj lom neeg raug, thiab qhov kub thiab txias- yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv cov hlau raug raug.
Manufacturing thiab Weave Feasibility
Tsis yog tag nrho cov alloys yog sib npaug yooj yim rau weave. Vim hais tias 316 yog me ntsis softer thiab ntau ductile, nws yog feem ntau nyiam rau weaving incredibly zoo mesh suav (xws li, 400x400 mesh) siv nyob rau hauv precision pom. Qib 304 qhov nruj dua tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj kom muaj kev sib txhuam tsis sib xws hauv ultra-txoj kab uas hla zoo. Hloov pauv, rau qhov hnyav -lub luag haujlwm welded mesh siv nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg tawb, qhov "stiffness" ntawm 304 tuaj yeem muab kev nruj dua thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov qauv tsim khoom kuj suav nrog "Magnetic Permeability"; thaum ob lub alloys nominally tsis yog{13}}sib nqus, txias- ua haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tuaj yeem qhia me ntsis sib nqus rub hauv Qib 304. Rau cov duab kho mob lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, 316 feem ntau siv vim nws tseem tshuav ntau dua "paramagnetic" (tsis yog-magnetic)) txawm tias tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntau.
Ua raws li International Standards
Cov phiaj xwm thoob ntiaj teb yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb xws li ASTM, ISO, thiab DIN kom ntseeg tau cov khoom sib xws. ASTM A240 thiab A666 yog cov qauv tseem ceeb rau 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau phaj thiab sawb siv los tsim cov hlau. Cov qauv no xyuas kom meej tias tsis hais tus neeg muag khoom, cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau raug txheeb xyuas. Thaum xaj mesh, nco ntsoov thov Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Mill Test (MTR). Cov ntaub ntawv no muab qhov tshwj xeeb "Heat Number" ntawm cov hlau, lees paub nws cov txheej txheem pleev thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev ntsuas tensile. Kev ua raws li cov qauv no tsis yog ib qho kev cai lij choj hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam; nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb uas tiv thaiv kev siv "cov khoom cuav" lossis sub- qauv alloys uas tuaj yeem ua rau kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv thaj chaw.
Alloy Selection Matrix raws li ib puag ncig
| Ib puag ncig | Pom zoo Qib | Kev xav |
| Sab hauv kev lag luam | Qib 304 | Tus nqi -zoo, txaus tiv thaiv |
| Nroog Sab Nraud | Qib 304 / 304L | Resistant rau cov pa phem thiab nag |
| Ntug hiav txwv / Marine | Qib 316 / 316L | Resistant ntsev tsuag thiab pitting |
| Kev ua tshuaj lom neeg | Qib 316L | Siab tsis kam mus rau acids / chlorides |
| Khoom noj (Maj) | Qib 304 | Resistant zaub mov acids, yooj yim los ntxuav |
| Khoom noj khoom haus (High Saline) | Qib 316 | Resistant aggressive tshuaj ntxuav |
Txhawm rau nkag siab tias cov khoom siv tshuaj no txhais li cas rau hauv lub cev muaj zog thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag mesh, rov qab mus rau peb tsab xov xwm:
[Stainless hlau Mesh muaj zog npaum li cas?]